Table 6 Results of estimates of the effects of corruption on the share of expenditure as % expenditure Drisc/Kraay [13]

Corrup

−0.825

−1.086

−0.916**

−0.153

−0.645***

−0.0482

2.547

(0.494)

(0.692)

(0.422)

(0.0956)

(0.226)

(0.0535)

(1.993)

Pop_grow

0.537**

1.325*

3.704***

−0.400***

0.761**

−0.0263

−1.103

(0.194)

(0.649)

(1.141)

(0.0552)

(0.348)

(0.0380)

(1.243)

GDP_grow

0.0251

−0.0691

−0.506**

−0.00771

0.0483**

0.00333

−0.283

(0.0444)

(0.0818)

(0.187)

(0.00844)

(0.0202)

(0.00836)

(0.224)

Infla

−0.00777***

−0.0146

0.0274

−0.00215***

−0.00895***

0.0204***

0.00955

(0.00216)

(0.0111)

(0.0395)

(0.000665)

(0.00209)

(0.00586)

(0.0142)

kh_BLE

−0.0358

0.0281

−0.158**

0.0301***

0.0618*

−0.00926

−0.355

(0.0218)

(0.0284)

(0.0706)

(0.0103)

(0.0351)

(0.00770)

(0.344)

FBCF

0.0638***

0.116***

0.102*

−0.00952

−0.00369

0.00924

−0.107

(0.0150)

(0.0241)

(0.0577)

(0.00659)

(0.0207)

(0.00561)

(0.243)

Ouverture

0.0220***

0.0431***

−0.0732**

0.000231

0.00608

0.000117

−0.106***

(0.00128)

(0.00823)

(0.0268)

(0.00101)

(0.00700)

(0.000894)

(0.0301)

rente_res

−0.0111

−0.188***

−0.178***

0.0110

−0.0527**

0.0211***

−0.0481

(0.0107)

(0.0205)

(0.0484)

(0.00850)

(0.0217)

(0.00577)

(0.128)

Constant

4.386***

11.60***

12.93**

2.122***

4.424***

−0.0185

78.64***

(1.211)

(1.793)

(4.692)

(0.394)

(1.207)

(0.0990)

(4.626)

Observations

462

462

462

401

386

269

625

R-squared

0.253

0.272

0.151

0.279

0.104

0.447

0.094

Number of groups

21

21

21

19

20

17

29