Table 3 Estimating the effects of corruption on the share of expenditure as a % of GDP [6]

corrup

0.272**

−0.122**

1.508**

0.0263*

−0.0595*

0.0591**

−0.0217

1.985**

(0.280)

(0.229)

(1.398)

(0.0293)

(0.0401)

(0.0415)

(0.0143) (1.989)

Pop_grow

−0.149**

−0.0540

−0.288

−0.0103

0.0509

0.0133

−0.00982

−642.7

(0.155)

(0.158)

(0.282)

(0.0255)

(0.0446)

(0.0191)

(0.00999)

(650.6)

GDP_grow

0.0683

0.0469

0.0971

0.00199

−0.00465

−0.00484

−0.00219

182.9

(0.0565)

(0.0404)

(0.111)

(0.00407)

(0.00420)

(0.00456)

(0.00244)

(197.9)

infla

−0.00216

0.000910

0.00389

4.68e−05

−0.000179

−0.000798

0.00229

5.701

(0.00204)

(0.00148)

(0.00357)

(0.000345)

(0.000386)

(0.00101)

(0.00186)

(7.353)

L.hl_pctgdp

0.350***

(0.0129)

L.edu_pctgdp

0.465***

(0.00412)

L.def_pctgdp

0.684***

(0.0313)

L.fuel_pctgdp

0.566***

(0.0616)

L.min_pctgdp

0.808***

(0.0740)

L.trn_pctgdp

0.744***

(0.142)

L.com_pctgdp

0.510*

(0.270)

L.oth_pctgdp

0.966***

(0.0117)

Constant

−1.909

−1.889

−6.132

0.260

−0.0854

0.553*

0.184

−14.63

(2.499)

(3.809)

(6.062)

(0.192)

(0.191)

(0.302)

(0.193)

−1.543

Observations

441

441

441

317

382

365

251

596

Number of ID

21

21

21

17

19

19

16

29