Table 2 Descriptive Statistics

Main variables

\({{\text{AQ}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

0.314

2.500

\({\text{Distracte}}{{\text{d}}\_{\text{Auditors}}}_{{\text{jt}}}\)

0.010

0.133

\({{\text{Skept}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

0.000

1.011

Control variables_A

\({{\text{BM}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

0.589

0.645

\({{\text{Client}}\_{\text{Size}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

5.390

1.810

\({{\text{Loss}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

0.383

0.480

\({{\text{Sale}}\_{\text{Growth}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

0.153

0.598

\({{\text{PPE}}\_{\text{Growth}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

0.159

0.648

\({{\text{Lev}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

0.531

0.302

\({{\text{Liq}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

3.227

3.286

\({{\text{ROA}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

0.069

0.299

\({{\text{OCF}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

0.052

0.163

\({{\text{M}}\&{\text{A}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

0.334

0.468

\({{\text{Z}}\_{\text{score}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

1.441

3.465

Control variables_B

\({{\text{Audit}}\_{\text{Size}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

16.235

1.709

\({{\text{No}}\_{\text{Clients}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

0.332

0.466

\({{\text{Busy}}\_{\text{Season}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

0.688

0.452

\({{\text{Audit}}\_{\text{Tenure}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

0.816

0.273

\({{\text{Audit}}\_{\text{Lag}}}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

4.111

0.354

\({{\text{Big}}\_4}_{{\text{ijt}}}\)

0.252

0.431