Table 3 Summary of convergent validity from the confirmatory factor analysis
From: Bitcoin adoption in online payments: examining consumer intentions and word-of-mouth recommendations
Constructs and items | Factor loading |
|---|---|
Self-efficacy (α = 0.896, CR = 0.920, AVE = 0.794) | |
SE1: I am capable of using Bitcoin for online payments | 0.913*** |
SE2: I am capable of paying for online transactions using Bitcoin | 0.876*** |
SE3: I am comfortable using Bitcoin for online payments | 0.883*** |
Perceived ease of use (α = 0.859, CR = 0.859, AVE = 0.683) | |
PEOU1: I believe my interactions with Bitcoin online payment systems would be clear and understandable | 0.801*** |
PEOU2: I think online Bitcoin payment systems would not require a lot of mental effort | 0.830*** |
PEOU3: I believe I would find online payments with Bitcoin easy to use | 0.840*** |
PEOU4: I think it would be easy to use Bitcoin for online payments | 0.855*** |
Perceived usefulness (α = 0.911 CR = 0.913, AVE = 0.723) | |
PU1: I believe that using Bitcoin for online payments would improve my efficiency when paying online | 0.802*** |
PU2: I think that using Bitcoin in online payments would improve my productivity | 0.889*** |
PU3: I believe that I would find using Bitcoin for online payments useful for my online payment transactions | 0.859*** |
PU4: I think using Bitcoin to do online payments would improve my performance in conducting online transactions | 0.849*** |
Perceived risk (α = 0.808, CR = 0.841, AVE = 0.570) | |
PR1: There is a lot of uncertainty associated with the use of Bitcoin for online payments | 0.771*** |
PR2: I believe that using Bitcoin for online payments is risky | 0.795*** |
PR3: Compared with other currencies/investments, Bitcoin is riskier because it puts my privacy at risk | 0.718*** |
PR4: I believe that Bitcoin is unsafe owing to illegal attacks and activities, including hacking | 0.734*** |
Behavioural intention (α = 0.851, CR = 0.865, AVE = 0.681) | |
BI1: I plan to use Bitcoin for online payments in the future | 0.781*** |
BI2: I would prefer using Bitcoin for online payments | 0.823*** |
BI3: I intend to use the Bitcoin payment option for online payments in the future | 0.870*** |
Trust (α = 0.898, CR = 0.900, AVE = 0.692) | |
TRT1: I believe online payment through Bitcoin has a high integrity | 0.761*** |
TRT2: I think I can trust Bitcoin online payment systems | 0.867*** |
TRT3: I think the Bitcoin online payment platform can be trusted to provide security for my online payment transactions | 0.875*** |
TRT4: I think using Bitcoin for online payments is more secure | 0.819*** |
Coercive pressure (α = 0.854, CR = 0.856, AVE = 0.667) | |
CCP1: Many of the online payment systems require me to use Bitcoin | 0.875*** |
CCP2: Many online payment transactions can be accomplished only when using Bitcoin | 0.850*** |
CCP3: My financial interactions with online retailers and other businesses force me to use Bitcoin | 0.716*** |
Memetic pressure (α = 0.883, CR = 0.884, AVE = 0.719) | |
MMP1: People around me who use Bitcoin for online payment have more prestige than those who do not | 0.855*** |
MMP2: People around me who use Bitcoin for online payments have a high profile | 0.872*** |
MMP3: Using Bitcoin for online payments is a status symbol for the people around me | 0.815*** |
Normative pressure (α = 0.890, CR = 0.893, AVE = 0.736) | |
NRP1: I have seen what others do when using Bitcoin for online payments | 0.837*** |
NRP2: Many people in my social network use Bitcoin for online payments | 0.871*** |
NRP3: Using Bitcoin for online payments is very visible to many people in my social network | 0.915*** |
WOM recommendation (α = 0.928, CR = 0.919, AVE = 0.791) | |
WOM1: If asked, I would say positive things about Bitcoin online payment services to other people | 0.917*** |
WOM2: If asked, I would recommend Bitcoin online payment services to other people | 0.926*** |
WOM3: If asked, I would encourage other people to use Bitcoin for online payments | 0.821*** |