Table 2 Summary of findings on the impact of gender diversity on the performance of MFIs
Author/s | Gender Dimension | Estimator/ Tools Used | Financial Performance | Social Performance | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | ||||
1 | Mersland and Strøm [80] | Board gender | Generalized least-squares method (GLS), random effect model, three-stage least-squares method | ROA, OSS, PY, OC | AL, Credit Client | ||
2 | Shettima and Dzolkarnaini [109] | Pooled OLS (POLS) and Fixed Effect Model (FEM) | ROA, ROE (Insignificant) | ||||
3 | Mori [88] | Ordinary least squares (OLS) | Insignificant | ||||
4 | Adusei [1] | DEA, Probit, logit, and GLM (generalized linear model) | Technical Efficiency | ||||
5 | Gohar and Batool [45] | REM | Insignificant | AL | |||
6 | Hasan et al. [55] | OLS model | OSS | ||||
7 | Thrikawala et al. [114] | OLS regression, FEM, and REM | ROA | OSS | |||
8 | Hartarska et al. [54] | Stochastic Frontier, FEM, REM | NOAB | ||||
9 | Adusei, et al. [2] | FE test, Wald test, correlation test | ROA | ||||
10 | Mori [89] | Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) | NOFB | AL | |||
11 | Strøm et al. [112] | Probit regression, pooled OLS, REM | ROE, ROA | ||||
12 | Olohunlana et al. [94] | Panel–spatial correlation consistent (PSCC) estimator technique | OSS | ||||
13 | Boubacar [25] | FEM and REM | Cost Per Borrower increases | NOFB | |||
Manager | Insignificant | NOFB | |||||
14 | Vishwakarma [117] | Board gender | Pooled OLS, FEM, and REM | ROA | |||
Manager | NOAB | ||||||
15 | Augustine et al. [13] | Board Gender | Robust OLS regression model | ROA | |||
Loan Officer | OpExp | ||||||
16 | Board Gender | Nonparametric conditional Free Disposal Hull (FDH) approach, robust version of order-α | Efficiency | NOAB | |||
Loan Officer | Efficiency | NOAB | |||||
17 | Bibi et al. [22] | Loan Officer | Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) | Efficiency | |||
18 | Pedrini [96] | Loan Officer | OLS regression model | ROE, OSS | |||
19 | Boehe and Cruz [23] | Board Gender | FEM | FSS | |||
Manager | FSS | ||||||
Loan Officer | FSS | ||||||
20 | Gudjonsson et al. [46] | Board Gender | The logit–tobit regression model | ROA | |||
Manager | ROA | ||||||
Loan Officer | ROA | ||||||
21 | Ghosh and Guha [44] | Board Gender | REM | Cost Per Borrower increases | NOFB | ||
Manager | NOAB | ||||||
Loan Officer | OSS, YGLP | ||||||
22 | Memon et al. [77] | Board Gender | OLS, FEM, REM, GMM, two-stage OLS | OSS | AL, NOAB | ||
Manager | OSS Insignificant | AL, NOAB | |||||
Loan Officer | OSS | AL, NOAB | |||||
23 | Mia et al. [85] | Board Gender | OLS, FEM, and REM | OSS | |||
Manager | ROA, ROE, PM | ||||||
Loan Officer | ROA, PM | ||||||
24 | Wale [118] | Board Gender | Static regression model (REM/FEM) | NOAB | AL | ||