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Table 2 Reliability and convergent validity of measures

From: Trust in the chatbot: a semi-human relationship

Constructs

Items

VIF (< 10)

Factor loadings (> 0.7)

Cronbach’s α (> 0.7)

Average variance extracted (> 0.5)

“Empathy”

E1

4.259

0.963***

0.925

0.716

E2

4.236

0.915***

E3

4.023

0.984***

“Friendliness”

F1

5.874

0.843***

0.847

0.714

F2

5.987

0.826***

F3

5.641

0.817***

“Task complexity”

TC1

1.147

0.718***

0.947

0.963

TC2

1.693

0.793***

TC3

1.574

0.792***

“Disclosure of the chatbot”

DC1

1.012

0.739***

0.869

0.852

DC2

1.816

0.713***

“Trust toward the chatbot”

T1

2.645

0.874***

0.861

0.716

T2

2.643

0.856***

T3

2.561

0829***

  1. VIF = Variance Inflation Factor = ***p < 0.001