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Future Business Journal

Table 4 Correlation

From: Moderating effect of vertical integration on the relationship between sustainability and performance: evidence from oil and gas energy sector

Variables

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

VIF

(1) ROA

1.000

        

(2) ESG

0.207*

1.000

      

3.72

(3) ESG*VI

0.318*

0.771*

1.000

     

2.8

(4) FS

0.312*

0.739*

0.678*

1.000

    

4.9

(5) DR

− 0.338*

− 0.052

− 0.096

− 0.035

1.000

   

1.2

(6) FA

0.106

0.309*

0.253*

0.256*

0.051

1.000

  

1.29

(7) RSP

0.178*

0.066

0.087

0.093

0.019

0.045

1.000

 

1.54

(8) VOLT

− 0.410*

− 0.387*

− 0.423*

− 0.482*

0.333*

− 0.079

0.027

1.000

1.82

  1. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1
  2. All variable definitions are available in “Appendix A”
  3. *, **, and *** show significance at 10%, 5%, and 1% level, respectively
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