Moderating effect of vertical integration on the relationship between sustainability and performance: evidence from oil and gas energy sector

Future Business Journal

Table 1 Year-wise summary statistics

Year	ROA	ESG	ESG*VI	FS	DR	FA	RSP	VOLT
2011	0.056	28.612	34.236	9.048	0.465	3.165	− 0.001	0.107
2012	0.031	30.052	34.135	9.129	0.454	3.183	− 0.001	0.089
2013	0.026	29.611	33.389	9.032	0.443	3.124	0.016	0.076
2014	0.013	26.909	35.179	9.066	0.475	3.140	− 0.015	0.101
2015	− 0.137	24.925	37.033	8.875	0.524	3.198	− 0.026	0.128
2016	− 0.046	29.259	37.572	8.707	0.512	3.264	0.037	0.133
2017	0.009	32.105	37.280	8.692	0.503	3.322	− 0.009	0.087
2018	0.023	29.936	38.893	8.736	0.495	3.349	− 0.021	0.126
2019	0.001	29.053	40.255	8.637	0.522	3.419	0.009	0.142
Total	− 0.005	28.984	36.590	8.866	0.490	3.246	− 0.001	0.111