Table 6 ADF unit root test results at level and first difference
From: Does financial repression inhibit or facilitate private investment? The case of Ethiopia
Variables | Level | First difference | Order of integration | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test statistics | p Values | Test statistics | p Values | ||
PI |  − 1.939 | 0.6342 |  − 6.251 | 0.000 | I(1) |
Lngdpc |  − 1.493 | 0.8315 |  − 4.198 | 0.000 | I(1) |
OPEN |  − 2.254 | 0.4597 |  − 5.325 | 0.000 | I(1) |
Inflation |  − 4.871 | 0.0000 |  − 8.739 | 0.000 | I(0) |
FDI |  − 2.038 | 0.5806 |  − 8.193 | 0.000 | I(1) |
FRI |  − 2.434 | 0.3618 |  − 5.407 | 0.000 | I(1) |
PUI |  − 1.041 | 0.9384 |  − 3.424 | 0.010 | I(1) |
GNS |  − 1.237 | 0.6573 |  − 7.594 | 0.000 | I(1) |
GI |  − 2.041 | 0.2690 |  − 6.579 | 0.000 | I(1) |
Z |  − 1.778 | 0.7150 |  − 6.245 | 0.000 | I(1) |
Error |  − 5.117 | 0.000 |  − 6.453 | 0.000 | I(0) |