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Table 7 Moderated regression analysis (MRA) results for the moderating role of corporate governance on the effects of earnings management on firm value

From: Corporate governance, external financing, and earnings management: new evidence from an emerging market

AEM (1)

REM (2)

Variables

Coef

t-stat

Variables

Coef

t-stat

AEM

− 0.459*

− 2.41

REM

0.0769**

3.15

INS

0.370***

6.99

INS

0.323***

5.71

MNG

− 0.229**

− 2.89

MNG

− 0.230**

− 2.94

EDR

− 0.170***

− 3.65

EDR

− 0.117*

− 2.55

BIG4

− 0.0927**

− 3.14

BIG4

− 0.0866**

− 3.05

DEBR

− 0.824***

− 9.57

DEBR

− 0.810***

− 9.39

SIZE

0.0869***

6.38

SIZE

0.0887***

6.35

PROF

0.228**

2.76

PROF

0.228**

2.71

AEM*INS

− 0.735

− 1.79

REM*INS

0.0745

1.49

AEM*MNG

0.178

0.34

REM*MNG

0.0138

0.18

AEM*EDR

0.656*

1.89

REM*EDR

− 0.125**

− 2.87

AEM*BIG4

0.162

0.95

REM*BIG4

0.0192

0.95

Constant

− 0.725*

− 2.10

Constant

− 0.819*

− 2.27

Year FE

Yes

 

Year FE

Yes

 

Industry FE

Yes

 

Industry FE

Yes

 

N

2604

N

2604

  

R-sq

0.133

R-sq

0.139

  
  1. This table presents MRA results for the moderating role of corporate governance on the effects of earnings management on firm value of Eq. (12) in two earnings management method (AEM and REM): TQit = β0 + β1AEMit1REMit + β2INSit + β3MNGit + β4EDRit + β5BIG4it + β6ΙΝSit*AEMit + β7ΙΝSit*AEMit + β8MNGit*AEMit + β9EDRit*AEMit + β9BIG4it*AEMit + β10DEBRit + β11PROFit + β12SIZEit + eit. The definitions for the variables are provided previously. *, **, and *** indicate statistical significance at 10%, 5%, and 1%, respectively