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Table 13 Correlation matrix among variables in Eq. (12)

From: Corporate governance, external financing, and earnings management: new evidence from an emerging market

 

TQ

AEM

REM

INS

MNG

EDR

BIG4

DEBR

SIZE

PROF

TQ

1

         

AEM

− 0.0307

1

        

REM

0.0719

− 0.0552

1

       

INS

0.1623

− 0.0591

− 0.0056

1

      

MNG

− 0.0425

0.0454

− 0.0013

− 0.0651

1

     

EDR

− 0.1251

0.0178

− 0.0265

− 0.054

0.0932

1

    

BIG4

− 0.0137

− 0.018

− 0.0843

0.0375

− 0.0648

0.009

1

   

DEBR

− 0.244

0.0428

− 0.0941

− 0.0869

− 0.0018

0.1855

0.0012

1

  

SIZE

0.1212

0.0394

0.1304

0.0849

0.0372

− 0.0509

0.2064

0.2874

1

 

PROF

0.1607

0.0918

− 0.0042

0.0246

− 0.0203

− 0.0838

− 0.0251

− 0.1687

0.0526

1

  1. This table presents the pairwise correlation coefficients among variables in Eq. (12): TQit = β0 + β1AEMit1REMit + β2INSit + β3MNGit + β4EDRit + β5BIG4it + β6ΙΝSit*AEMit + β7ΙΝSit*AEMit + β8MNGit*AEMit + β9EDRit*AEMit + β9BIG4it*AEMit + β10DEBRit + β11PROFit + β12SIZEit + eit