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Table 5 QARDL estimates

From: COVID-19 and FDI nexus in Pakistan: fresh evidence from QARDL and time-varying casualty techniques

 

Panel A: Dependent variable = New deaths

Panel B: Dependent variable = New cases

Part A

          

Quantiles

Constant

ECM

Long-run estimates

Constant

ECM

Long-run estimates

 

\(a\)(Ï„)

\(\rho\)(Ï„)

\({a}_{ND}\)(Ï„)

\({a}_{EPI}\)(Ï„)

\({a}_{EXR}\)(Ï„)

\(a\)(Ï„)

\(\rho\)(Ï„)

\({a}_{NC}\)(Ï„)

\({a}_{EPI}\)(Ï„)

\({a}_{EXR}\)(Ï„)

0.10

3.00***

0.01

0.001

− 0.01

− 0.001

1.20***

0.03

0.02

0.002

0.001

0.20

2.09*

0.06

0.03

− 0.04**

0.003

1.59***

0.06

0.01

− 0.003*

0.002

0.30

5.01***

− 0.10***

− 0.06

− 0.04*

0.003

2.00*

− 0.10*

− 0.03

0.04

− 0.005

0.40

1.67

− 0.10

− 0.10***

0.06

0.006

1.88

− 0.02

− 0.06

0.07

− 0.007

0.50

0.63*

0.13*

− 0.13***

0.03

− 0.009*

0.97**

0.13**

− 0.17**

0.10

0.008

0.60

2.06***

− 0.28***

− 0.19*

− 0.10

− 0.01

1.61*

− 0.14

− 0.13**

0.10

− 0.02***

0.70

1.00**

− 0.21**

− 0.25***

− 0.11

− 0.03**

3.19**

− 0.34**

− 0.08**

0.12

− 0.04

0.80

2.25*

− 0.34***

− 0.14**

− 0.20**

− 0.03***

2.10***

− 0.37**

− 0.03

− 0.15**

− 0.06***

0.90

1.88

− 0.55***

− 0.10

0.27***

0.04*

3.08*

− 0.49***

− 0.04

− 0.35***

− 0.08***

Part B: Diagnostic tests

Adj. R2

0.82

    

0.85

    

Reset test

0.600

    

0.721

    

CUSUM

Stable

    

Stable

    

CUSUMQ

Stable

    

Stable

    

LM

0.711

    

0.803

    

Durbin–Watson test

d = 2.10

    

d = 2.14

    
  1. ***, **, & *Indicate the significance level at 1%, 5% and 10%, respectively