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Table 3 QAR unit root test

From: COVID-19 and FDI nexus in Pakistan: fresh evidence from QARDL and time-varying casualty techniques

Quantiles

FDI

New cases

New deaths

EXR

EPI

CV

t-stats

CV

t-stats

CV

t-stats

CV

t-test

CV

t-stats

0.10

− 2.25

3.00

− 3.07

1.11

0.993

− 0.70

1.034

− 1.70

− 3.80

− 1.20

0.20

− 2.49

0.49

− 3.61

0.89

0.994

− 0.97

1.420

− 1.77

− 3.81

− 0.37

0.30

− 3.21

− 1.55

− 3.61

0.07

0.994

− 1.20

1.443

− 1.10

− 3.81

− 0.41

0.40

− 3.21

− 1.90

− 3.61

− 0.78

0.995

− 1.60

1.447

− 1.70

− 3.81

− 0.36

0.50

− 3.21

− 2.20

− 3.61

− 4.90

0.998

− 7.39

1.448

− 5.09

− 3.81

− 4.81

0.60

− 3.21

− 1.60

− 3.61

− 5.08

0.999

− 6.24

4.213

− 5.44

− 3.81

− 5.03

0.70

− 3.21

− 1.80

− 3.61

− 4.40

0.997

− 5.55

4.662

− 6.03

− 3.81

− 6.40

0.80

− 3.07

− 1.13

− 3.55

− 6.77

0.993

− 1.00

4.662

− 6.10

− 3.88

− 1.60

0.90

− 2.97

− 1.68

− 3.50

− 7.93

1.012

− 0.09

4.662

− 6.22

− 3.89

− 2.12

  1. CV critical values, bold values assert the presence of stationarity, rejecting \({H}_{0}\) of unit root