Skip to main content

Table 1 Panel Unit Root Result.

From: Fragility of FDI flows in sub-Saharan Africa region: does the paradox persist?

Variable

LLC @levels

Remark

LLC @ first Difference

Remark

FDII

3.50647***

I(0)

NA

NA

FDIO

6.24107***

I(0)

NA

NA

INFR

1.82054

Non stationary

12.3092***

I(1)

PCIG

1.85249**

I(0)

NA

NA

PSAV

0.37578

Non stationary

9.79016***

I(1)

GEFF

− 0.01736

Non stationary

− 6.50875***

I(1)

HDRI

7.84198***

I(0)

NA

NA

  1. *, **, *** denote stationarity at 10%, 5% and 1% significance level. LLC represents Levi-Lin-Chu unit root test. NA: Not applicable; I (0): Integrated of order zero; I (1): Integrated of order 1