Table 7 Causality test
Variable | Panel VAR Granger causality test | Dumitrescu & Hurlin [26] Granger non-causality test |
|---|---|---|
MIL versus RGDP | 1.726 (0.422) | 3.946* (0.096) |
RGDP versus MIL | 11.631*** (0.003) | 12.823*** (0.000) |
MIL_GDP versus RGDP | 4.035** (0.045) | 0.622 (0.644) |
RGDP versus MIL_GDP | 0.167 (0.683) | 2.104 (0.536) |
MIL versus RGDPPCP | 3.583 (0.167) | 4.296 (0.108) |
RGDPPCP versus MIL | 13.197*** (0.001) | 7.292 ** (0.020) |
MIL_GDP versus RGDPPCP | 1.702 (0.192) | 5.948** (0.016) |
RGDPPCP versus MIL_GDP | 0.099 (0.753) | 1.629 (0.592) |