Drivers of business model innovation in micro and small enterprises: evidence from Egypt as an emerging economy

Future Business Journal

Table 3 Direct relationships (All hypotheses except H9, H8)

	Hypotheses		Original sample (O)	Sample mean (M)	Standard deviation (STDEV)	T statistics (\|O/STDEV\|)	P values	Accept/reject
H1	H1a	BMI—> financial performance	− 0.039	− 0.040	0.053	0.730	0.466	Reject
H1	H1b	BMI—> non-fin performance	0.222	0.220	0.057	3.864	0.000	Accept
H2	H2a	business ties—> financial performance	0.010	0.010	0.050	0.208	0.835	Reject
	H2b	business ties—> non-fin performance	− 0.036	− 0.036	0.050	0.733	0.463	Reject
	H2c	PTIES—> financial performance	0.096	0.097	0.048	1.995	0.046	Accept
	H2d	PTIES—> non-fin performance	0.219	0.221	0.048	4.536	0.000	Accept
H3	H3b	PTIES—> BMI	0.034	0.035	0.041	0.831	0.406	Reject
H3	H3a	business ties—> BMI	0.242	0.242	0.047	5.096	0.000	Accept
H4	H4	PEU—> BMI	0.149	0.149	0.042	3.513	0.000	Accept
H5	H5a	PEU—> Proactive	0.274	0.277	0.047	5.854	0.000	Accept
H5	H5b	PEU- > Reactive	0.139	0.141	0.049	2.817	0.005	Accept
H6	H6a	proactive—> BMI	0.215	0.216	0.051	4.240	0.000	Accept
H6	H6b	reactive—> BMI	0.317	0.317	0.046	6.892	0.000	Accept
H7	H7a	proactive—> non-fin performance	0.230	0.233	0.059	3.916	0.000	Accept
	H7b	proactive—> financial performance	0.024	0.025	0.052	0.463	0.643	Reject
	H7c	reactive—> non-fin performance	0.076	0.077	0.054	1.408	0.159	Reject
	H7d	reactive—> financial performance	0.048	0.048	0.051	0.940	0.347	Reject