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Table 6 Comparison of emission drivers and research findings of selected studies

From: Exploring the CO2 emissions drivers in the Nigerian manufacturing sector through decomposition analysis and the potential of carbon tax (CAT) policy on CO2 mitigation

References

Research topic

Drivers of CO2 emissions

Method

Period

Research findings

[50]

Analysed the sources of changes in CO2 emissions as well as the CO2 emission intensity in the manufacturing sector in Thailand

Activity, structural change, energy intensity effect, fuel-mix, emission factor

LMDI

2000–2018

The intensity effect increased the amount of CO2 emission and emission intensity. While the structural change effect reduced CO2 emission

[51]

Decompose the source of changes in CO2 emission level and CO2 emission intensity in the manufacturing sector in Thailand

Activity, structural change, energy intensity, fuel-mix, emission factor

LMDI

2005–2017

Structural change effect lowers both CO2 emissions and emission intensity

[52]

Decomposed the factors that affect the CO2 emissions of china’s manufacturing industry

Investment intensity, industrial scale, industrial activity, R&D efficiency, R&D intensity, energy intensity and emission factor

LMDI

1995–2015

The industrial activity effect was the most important factor leading to increased CO2 emissions in the manufacturing sector. On the other hand, energy intensity promoted the reduction in CO2 emission

[53]

Decomposition analysis of decoupling of manufacturing co2 emissions in Indonesia

Energy intensity, Industrial economic structure, Economic activity, industrial energy mix, and emission coefficient factor

LMDI

2012–2013

Growth in the manufacturing industry was the main driver of increasing CO2 emissions, whereas reduction in energy intensity and energy consumption structure played an essential role in limiting these emissions

[54]

Decomposition analysis of energy consumption of the Turkish manufacturing industry

Activity, structural effect, energy intensity

LMDI

2005–2014

The activity effect contributed significantly to energy consumption, while the structure and intensity effects were negligible

Current study

Exploring the CO2 emissions drivers in the Nigerian manufacturing sector through decomposition analysis and the potential of carbon tax (CAT) policy on CO2 mitigation

carbon intensity, firm energy intensity, cost structure, asset-turnover, asset-to-equity, equity-funded production and productive capacity utilization

LMDI

2010–2020

Energy intensity and equity-funded production were the leading drivers of increased emissions, while productive capacity utilization reduced emissions