Table 4 Testing for stationarity and generalized method of moments results
From: Global FDI inflows and outflows in emerging economies Post-COVID-19 era
Variables | Levin-Lin-Chu Statistic for stationary | Fixed effect | GMM | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | t | Coefficient | t | ||
FDI inflow LL | 0 | 0.237436 | 2.06** | ||
GDPs | (− 4.5904***) | 1.9678 | 4.13** | 1.4279 | 4.17*** |
Trade openness | (− 5.8044***) | 0.8804 | − 2.97* | 2.3711 | 3.02 |
GDPdff | (− 8.3116***) | − 0.0124 | − 0.04 | − 0.1223 | − 1.97* |
Human Capital | (− 4.9129**) | 1.04189 | − 3.07* | − 0.9124 | − 2.01** |
Distance | (− 3.6179***) | 0.9716 | 3.63* | 0.9859 | 5.73*** |
Physical Capital | (− 2.1862**) | − 1.5178 | − 3.07* | − 0.9123 | 2.35** |
Control of corruption | (− 1.3051) | ||||