Table 1 Criterion for defining the decoupling status
From: Decomposition of the decoupling of CO2 emissions from economic growth in Ghana
Decoupling status | \({D}_{C, G}\) | \(\beta C\) | \(\beta G\) |
|---|---|---|---|
1 Strong decoupling | \({D}_{C, G}\)<0 |  < 0 |  > 0 |
2 Weak decoupling | 0 \(.8 \ge {D}_{C, G}>0\) |  > 0 |  > 0 |
3 Expansive decoupling | 1.2 ≥ \({D}_{C, G}\)> 0.8 |  > 0 |  > 0 |
4 Expansive negative decoupling | \({D}_{C, G}\)> 1.2 |  > 0 |  > 0 |
5 Strong negative decoupling | \({D}_{C, G}\)< 0 |  > 0 |  < 0 |
6 Weak negative decoupling | 0.8 ≥ \({D}_{C, G}\)> 0 |  < 0 |  < 0 |
7 Recessive coupling | 1.2 ≥ \({D}_{C, G}\)> 0.8 |  < 0 |  < 0 |
8 Recessive decoupling | \({D}_{C, G}\)> 1.2 |  < 0 |  < 0 |