Table 3 Descriptive statistics of the research variables
Variables | N | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Std. deviation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Political_Conne | 315 | .00 | 1.00 | .4540 | .498 |
Related_Party | 315 | .00 | 1.00 | .4582 | .498 |
CEO_gender | 315 | .00 | .400 | .1482 | .132 |
Board_size | 315 | 2.00 | 21.00 | 15.228 | 4.920 |
CEO_duality | 315 | .00 | 1.00 | .4952 | .500 |
Board_Exper | 315 | .00 | 1.00 | .5778 | .494 |
Firm_Size | 315 | 4.213 | 7.668 | 6.170 | .607 |
Profitability | 315 | − 1.120 | .535 | .0812 | .165 |
Big4 | 315 | .00 | 1.00 | .6379 | .479 |
Leverage | 315 | .00 | .94 | .3845 | .186 |
TQ | 315 | .444 | 12.704 | 1.513 | 1.124 |
Valid N (listwise) | 315 | Â | Â | Â | Â |