Table 2 Group mean differences of demographic components on study variables

Age (Years)

Below 25

3.49

1.74

2.97

0.39

3.41

0.95

4.12

1.81

25–34

3.51

2.90

3.43

4.27

35–44

3.61

2.93

3.45

4.57

45–54

3.23

2.83

3.51

4.71

55 or Above

3.94

2.50

3.78

6.00

Marital status

Single

3.47

2.02

2.92

0.56

3.40

2.47

4.35

1.20

Married

3.56

2.90

3.49

4.12

Widowed

2.88

3.83

3.10

3.00

Education

SPM

3.52

3.64**

2.93

0.97

3.39

0.75

4.03

3.71**

Diploma

3.55

3.00

3.42

4.18

Bachelor degree

3.45

2.92

3.45

4.20

Master degree

3.59

2.69

3.40

5.18

PhD

4.75

2.59

3.80

5.00

Employment

Government sector

3.51

3.19*

2.89

0.86

3.43

4.62**

4.72

2.98*

Private sector

3.46

2.91

3.46

4.08

Self-employed

3.71

2.82

3.48

4.33

Non-employed

3.46

3.09

3.23

4.38

Monthly personal income (RM)

5000 or more

3.63

1.09

2.72

1.80

3.67

5.77**

4.72

0.88

4000–4999

3.44

3.14

3.37

4.33

3000–2999

3.43

2.75

3.53

4.23

2000–2999

3.53

2.87

3.41

4.21

1999 or less

3.49

2.98

3.36

4.22

Monthly household income (RM)

8000 or more

3.68

4.13*

2.71

1.52

3.67

21.28**

4.33

0.28

4000–7999

3.44

2.93

3.49

4.38

3999 or less

3.50

2.93

3.32

4.24