Table 7 Hypotheses testing summary
Hypothesis | Path coefficients | SD | T-Statistics | P-values | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1: GPAW → GPI | 0.203 | 0.041 | 4.913 | 0.000*** | Supported |
H2: GPP → GPI | 0.276 | 0.065 | 4.239 | 0.000*** | Supported |
H3: GPA → GPI | − 0.063 | 0.047 | 1.345 | 0.179 | Not supported |
H4: GPV → GPI | 0.268 | 0.050 | 5.375 | 0.000*** | Supported |
H5: GPQ → GPI | 0.293 | 0.043 | 6.756 | 0.000*** | Supported |