Table 4 Results of the unit root tests
Augmented Dickey Fuller Test (ADF) | Phillips-Perron Test (PP) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Levels | First Diff | Status | Variables | Levels | First Diff | Status |
COMESA | − 2.6035 | − 5.3486 | I(1) | COMESA | − 2.6117 | − 5.3403 | I(1) |
EAC | − 2.3683 | − 6.9215 | I(1) | EAC | − 0.5156 | − 6.0027 | I(1) |
ECCAS | − 2.0996 | − 7.3932 | I(1) | ECCAS | − 2.0871 | − 7.528 | I(1) |
ECOWAS | − 2.9309 | − 9.3775 | I(1) | ECOWAS | − 1.6228 | − 7.0793 | I(1) |
REC GDP | − 2.0110 | − 4.2583 | I(1) | REC GDP | − 1.8386 | − 4.3335 | I(1) |
Trading partner GDP | − 1.9873 | − 4.2686 | I(1) | Trading partner GDP | − 1.5043 | − 4.212 | I(1) |
SACU | − 1.9669 | − 5.9818 | I(1) | SACU | − 2.0178 | − 5.9817 | I(1) |
SADC | − 1.9922 | − 6.7172 | I(1) | SADC | − 1.8453 | − 49,251 | I(1) |
Tariff | 1.0000 | − 5.5987 | I(1) | Tariff | − 2.9456 | − 6.0894 | I(1) |
AFRIEXP | − 2.1081 | − 5.3283 | I(1) | AFRIEXP | − 2.3335 | − 5.3292 | I(1) |