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Table 3 Panel regression outcomes.

From: Asymmetric effect of financial development and remittance on economic growth in MINT economies: an application of panel NARDL

Regressors

Without asymmetry

With asymmetry

Coefficient

SE

T-Statistic

Prob

Coefficient

SE

T-Statistic

Prob

Long-run estimation

REM

0.263

0.083

3.220

0.001

    

\({\text{REM}}_{t - 1}^{ + }\)

    

0.312

0.102

3.060

0.002

\({\text{REM}}_{t - 1}^{ - }\)

    

0.230

0.102

2.240

0.025

FD

2.406

0.499

4.810

0.000

    

\({\text{FD}}_{t - 1}^{ + }\)

    

3.956

0.803

2.290

0.022

\({\text{FD}}_{t - 1}^{ - }\)

    

1.8393

1.267

3.120

0.002

Short-run estimation

ECM(− 1)

− 0.92

0.059

− 3.735

0.000

− 0.857

0.047

− 2.101

0.035

REM

0.102

0.067

1.520

0.129

    

\({\text{REM}}_{t - 1}^{ + }\)

    

0.384

0.094

0.410

0.683

\({\text{REM}}_{t - 1}^{ - }\)

    

0.045

0.085

0.530

0.595

FD

0.260

0.264

0.990

0.324

    

\({\text{FD}}_{t - 1}^{ + }\)

    

0.312

0.431

0.720

0.469

\({\text{FD}}_{t - 1}^{ - }\)

    

− 0.022

0.708

− 0.035

0.974