Future Business Journal

Table 4 Ranking of predictors of heterogeneity

From: Heterogeneity of government social spending in European Union countries

Predictor	Year
Predictor	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Housing	+++	+++	+	+	+	+	+	+	++	+
Sickness	+++	+++	+	+	+	+++	++	+++	+++	++
Survivors	++	++	+ ++	++ +	++	++	+++	+++	+ +	+
Family	+	+	+	+	+ +	+++	+	+++	+	+
Unemployment	+	+	++	+++	+++	+ +	+++	+ ++	+++	+++
Old age	+	+	++	++	+ ++	+	+++	+++	+++	++
Other	++	+	+	+	++	+++	+	+++	++	+

a importance of a predictor, “ +++ ” means 1 > a ≥ 0.7, “ ++ ” 0.7 > a ≥ 0.5, “ + ” a < 0.5
Source Own calculations

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