Table 7 AMG, PCSE, and Dristol/Kraay results

Model 1

NR

− 0.023 (− 5.97)^a

− 0.239 (− 4.13)^a

− 0.412 (− 4.84)^a

FD (log)

0.021 (4.21)^a

0.013 (5.65)^a

0.371 (2.30)^b

UB

0.142 (3.36)^a

0.210 (3.32)^a

0.034 (6.17)^a

GB (log)

− 0.049 (− 1.02)

− 0.087 (− 1.81)^c

− 0.085 (− 1.50)

BI (log)

0.154 (2.34)^b

0.345 (5.06)^a

0.434 (4.06)^a

HD (log)

0.056 (2.67)^b

1.176 (4.08)^a

1.567 (9.67)^a

_cons

− 3.23 (− 7.63)^a

− 0.267 (1.32)

− 1.218 (0.68)

Model 2

NR

0.234 (1.34)

0.871 (1.27)

0.671 (6.67)^a

FD (log)

0.218 (4.78)^a

0.310 (3.34)^a

0.982 (6.34)^a

UB

− 0.453 (5.06)^a

− 0.342 (4.09)^a

− 0.564 (1.24)

GB (log)

0.054 (6.18)^a

0.102 (4.45)^a

0.005 (4.51)^a

BI (log)

− 0.034 (− 1.04)

− 0.546 (− 5.19)^a

− 0.654 (− 2.63)^b

EF (log)

0.329 (2.49)^b

0.338 (6.96)^a

0.432 (7.32)^a

_cons

0.678 (4.86)^a

− 1.463 (− 8.27)^a

− 1.215 (− 6.69)^a

Number of regressors

6

6

6

Number of observations

280

280

280

Number of groups

11

11

11

R-squared (model 1)

–

0.8896

0.8711

R-squared (model 2)

–

0.9302

0.8742

Wald chi² (model 1)

31.21

–

–

Wald chi² (model 2)

42.15

–

–