| |
Carbon dioxide emission (CO2)
|
Methane emission
|
Nitrous oxide emission
|
|---|
|
Threshold estimates
| | | |
|
\(\hat{\gamma }\)
|
1.819
|
4.299
|
3.849
|
|
Foreign direct investment
| | | |
|
\(\hat{\beta }_{1}\)
|
0.0001 (0.737)
|
0.0001 (0.838)
|
− 0.0005 (0.867)
|
|
\(\hat{\beta }_{2}\)
|
0.001** (0.044)
|
0.001** (0.044)
|
0.001** (0.032)
|
|
Control variables
| | | |
|
L. Human development index
|
0.937*** (0.000)
|
0.936*** (0.000)
|
0.934*** (0.000)
|
|
Inflation
|
− 3.610 (0.720)
|
− 3.611 (0.720)
|
− 3.811 (0.705)
|
|
Financial development
|
0.001** (0.013)
|
0.001** (0.013)
|
0.001*** (0.007)
|
|
Trade openness
|
0.0002*** (0.000)
|
0.0002*** (0.000)
|
0.0002*** (0.000)
|
|
Corruption
|
0.002 (0.133)
|
0.002 (0.133)
|
0.001 (0.237)
|
|
\(\hat{\delta }_{1}\)
|
0.012*** (0.005)
|
0.012*** (0.005)
|
0.013*** (0.004)
|
|
No. of observation
|
617
|
617
|
617
|
|
No. of countries
|
39
|
39
|
39
|
- ***, **,*Implies significance at 1%, 5% and 10%, respectively
- The probability values are in parentheses
