Carbon dioxide emission (CO2) | Methane emission | Nitrous oxide emission | |
---|---|---|---|
Threshold estimates | |||
\(\hat{\gamma }\) | 1.819 | 4.299 | 3.849 |
Foreign direct investment | |||
\(\hat{\beta }_{1}\) | 0.0001 (0.737) | 0.0001 (0.838) | − 0.0005 (0.867) |
\(\hat{\beta }_{2}\) | 0.001** (0.044) | 0.001** (0.044) | 0.001** (0.032) |
Control variables | |||
L. Human development index | 0.937*** (0.000) | 0.936*** (0.000) | 0.934*** (0.000) |
Inflation | − 3.610 (0.720) | − 3.611 (0.720) | − 3.811 (0.705) |
Financial development | 0.001** (0.013) | 0.001** (0.013) | 0.001*** (0.007) |
Trade openness | 0.0002*** (0.000) | 0.0002*** (0.000) | 0.0002*** (0.000) |
Corruption | 0.002 (0.133) | 0.002 (0.133) | 0.001 (0.237) |
\(\hat{\delta }_{1}\) | 0.012*** (0.005) | 0.012*** (0.005) | 0.013*** (0.004) |
No. of observation | 617 | 617 | 617 |
No. of countries | 39 | 39 | 39 |