| |
Carbon dioxide emission (CO2)
|
Methane emissions
|
Nitrous oxide emissions
|
|---|
|
Threshold estimates
| | | |
|
\(\hat{\gamma }\)
|
0.125
|
4.278
|
3.807
|
|
Foreign direct investment
| | | |
|
\(\hat{\beta }_{1}\)
|
0.100*** (0.001)
|
0.046** (0.025)
|
0.039* (0.061)
|
|
\(\hat{\beta }_{2}\)
|
0.039** (0.026)
|
0.130*** (0.001)
|
0.123*** (0.000)
|
|
Control variables
| | | |
|
L. Life expectancy
|
0.906*** (0.000)
|
0.882*** (0.000)
|
0.884*** (0.000)
|
|
Inflation
|
− 0.0002 (0.748)
|
− 0.0002 (0.821)
|
− 0.0001 (0.827)
|
|
Financial development
|
0.006** (0.031)
|
0.006* (0.072)
|
0.006* (0.056)
|
|
Trade openness
|
0.010*** (0.000)
|
0.012*** (0.000)
|
0.012*** (0.000)
|
|
Corruption
|
− 0.106 (0.115)
|
− 0.066 (0.351)
|
− 0.081 (0.253)
|
|
\(\hat{\delta }_{1}\)
|
4.605*** (0.000)
|
5.647*** (0.000)
|
5.539*** (0.000)
|
|
No. of observation
|
673
|
617
|
617
|
|
No. of countries
|
39
|
39
|
39
|
- ***, **,*Implies significance at 1%, 5% and 10%, respectively
- The probability values are in parentheses
