Carbon dioxide emission (CO2) | Methane emission | Nitrous oxide emission | |
---|---|---|---|
Threshold estimates | |||
\(\hat{\gamma }\) | 1.105 | 3.720 | 3.197 |
Foreign direct investment | |||
\(\hat{\beta }_{1}\) | − 3.145 (0.196) | 9.832** (0.038) | 13.530 (0.160) |
\(\hat{\beta }_{2}\) | 36.745*** (0.000) | − 2.126(0.498) | 0.363 (0.900) |
Control variables | |||
L. Household final consumption expenditure | 0.874* (0.072) | 0.877***(0.000) | 0.881*** (0.000) |
Inflation | 0.002 (0.859) | 0.002(0.829) | 0.002 (0.811) |
Financial development | 3.351*** (0.000) | 3.965***(0.000) | 3.922*** (0.000) |
Trade openness | 1.602*** (0000) | 1.869***(0.000) | 1.912*** (0.000) |
Corruption | 15.356 (0.145) | 11.360(0.322) | 11.553 (0.316) |
\(\hat{\delta }_{1}\) | 61.745* (0.072) | 83.380**(0.027) | 91.353** (0.015) |
No. of observation | 503 | 451 | 451 |
No. of countries | 39 | 39 | 39 |