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Table 5 Results of panel autoregressive distributed lagged (PARDL).

From: Migrant’s remittance and investment financing nexus in Africa: Does investment climate matter?

Variable

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

Model 6

REM

− 0.2458*

− 0.1063

− 0.1941**

0.0613

− 0.6592*

− 0.010*

GOVSIZE

2.2289*

3.2649*

4.2623*

− 3.5510

1.6615*

OPENMAK

2.2224*

2.7864*

1.8681*

− 1.7894

1.039*

REGEFF

0.4930

− 

− 0.2478

4.6268

1.244*

RULAW

− 0.3470

− 0.1175

0.036

CRED

− 0.0054

− 0.0313

0.0294

− 0.0407*

− 0.0262*

− 0.010

GROWTH

0.2728*

0.3491*

0.3554*

0.3761*

0.0328

0.1218**

TRAD

0.1800*

0.2156*

0.2051*

0.2204*

0.2639*

0.2138*

INVCLIM

4.8223*

THRES(INVCLIM)

     

0.7780*

REM * INVCLIM

− 0.1123

REM * REGEFF

0.0273

REM * GOVSIZE

0.0296

REM * OPENMAK

0.8489*

INV (− 1)

− 2.2694*

− 0.2735*

− 0.2463*

− 0.2483*

− 0.2636*

− 0.3132*

D(REM)

− 0.6124

0.6889

0.2987

− 0.0257

− 1.2460

− 0.4836

D(GOVSIZE)

− 0.3349

− 0.2173

0.7610

1.1575

− 1.9687**

D(OPENMAK)

0.1393

0.0670

− 0.4837

0.0940

− 1.1727

D(REGEFF)

0.3952

0.8422

− 0.0771

− 2.3193

D(RULAW)

1.3381

1.2851

1.9114

D(CRED)

0.3354*

0.2793*

0.3176*

0.3108*

0.2790*

0.2180**

D(GROWTH)

− 0.006

− 0.0170

0.0018

− 0.0033

0.0318

− 0.0466

D(TRAD)

0.0470

− 0.0520

0.0650***

0.0538

0.0695**

0.0367

D(INVCLIM)

1.2370

D(THRESINVCLIM)

     

1.6274

D(REM * INVCLIM)

− 1.2310

D(REM * REGEFF)

− 0.4178

D(REM * GOVSIZE)

− 1.2586

D(REM * OPENMAK)

− 1.6717

C

1.3228**

0.7095

0.4631

0.4441

0.2102

1.053***

Aux. parameters

      

Hausman test

5.71 (0.108)**

     

Number of C/sections

28

     

Number of Obsvtns

632

     
  1. INV private investment, REM remittance, Cred credit to private sector, Growth GDP growth rate, TRAD trade openness, RULAW Rule of Law, GOVSIZE government size, REGEFF regulatory efficiency, OPENMAK open market, INVCLIM investment climate
  2. *, **, *** represents 10%, 5% and 1% levels of significance