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Table 3 Regression results

From: E-commerce adoption in ASEAN: who and where?

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Individual characteristics

Age

 

− 0.005***

(0.000)

 

− 0.005***

(0.000)

Gender

 

− 0.030**

(0.009)

 

− 0.031**

(0.009)

Education

 

0.138***

(0.008)

 

0.122***

(0.008)

Employment status

 

0.068***

(0.010)

 

0.061***

(0.010)

Income

 

0.030***

(0.003)

 

0.031***

(0.003)

National culture

Power distance

  

0.005***

(0.001)

0.001

(0.001)

Individualism

  

0.004**

(0.001)

0.006***

(0.001)

Masculinity

  

− 0.008***

(0.001)

− 0.007***

(0.001)

Uncertainty avoidance

  

− 0.006***

(0.000)

− 0.004***

(0.000)

Controls

Account ownership

0.163***

(0.012)

0.074***

(0.011)

0.183***

(0.012)

0.090***

(0.012)

GDP per capita (log)

0.212***

(0.012)

0.241***

(0.011)

0.070***

(0.016)

0.152***

(0.015)

Constant

− 0.693***

(0.044)

− 0.916***

(0.045)

− 0.014

(0.081)

− 0.254**

(0.079)

R2

0.132

0.287

0.170

0.303

Adjusted R2

0.131

0.286

0.169

0.302

F value

444.997***

337.637***

200.452***

231.408***

  1. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.010, *p < 0.050