Table 1 Definitions of variables
Variable | Definition | Source |
|---|---|---|
Dependent variable | ||
E-commerce adoption | Dummy, equal to 1 If respondents have personally bought things online using the Internet in the past 12Â months | FINDEX |
Individual demographics | ||
Age | Age of respondents | FINDEX |
Gender | Dummy, equal to 1 if respondent is male | FINDEX |
Education | Range 1 to 3: primary, secondary and tertiary | FINDEX |
Employment status | Dummy, equal to 1 if respondent is currently employed | FINDEX |
Income level | Range 1 to 5: poorest to richest | FINDEX |
National culture | ||
Power distance | Degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally | Hofstede |
Individualism | Degree to which individuals are expected to take care of only themselves and their immediate families | Hofstede |
Masculinity | Degree to which societies prefer achievement, heroism, assertiveness, and material rewards for success | Hofstede |
Uncertainty avoidance | Degree to which the members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity | Hofstede |
Controls | ||
Account ownership | Dummy, equals to 1 If respondents have an account at a bank or another type of financial institution, or mobile money account | FINDEX |
GDP per capita | Gross domestic product divided by midyear population | World Bank |