The relationship between tourism and economic growth among BRICS countries: a panel cointegration analysis

Future Business Journal

Table 2 Results of panel unit root tests

Variable	LLC		IPS		Decision
Variable	At level	At first difference	At level	At first difference	Decision
lnEG	− 0.599	− 5.379^b	0.873	2.514^b	I(1)
lnTR	− 3.348^b	–	5.831^a	–	I(0)
lnFD	− 3.735^a	–	− 4.59^b	–	I(0)

Source: Authors calculations
^aRepresents 1% and ^bRepresents 5% level of significance and Panel unit root test includes intercept only