| Break intercept | Break (trend) | Break (both) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level | First difference | Level | First difference | Level | First difference | |
Unemployment–real oil price model (Brent) | ||||||
lunempl | − 3.921 (1988q1) | − 8.767*** (1995q2) | − 3.522 (1993q2) | − 8.328*** (1986q2) | − 5.187** (1998q2) | − 9.701*** (1995q2) |
lropbtr | − 3.543 (2003q3) | − 10.351*** (2008q3) | − 3.040 (1986q2) | − 10.115*** (2005q2) | − 3.218 (1999q2) | − 10.531*** (2014q3) |
lrgdp | − 5.213** (2001q2) | − 6.619*** (2001q2) | − 2.216 (2012q4) | − 7.041*** (2004q1) | − 3.916 (2001q2) | − 8.581 (2001q2) |
lcpi | ||||||
lrate | − 4.689* (1987q1) | − 10.375*** (1993q2) | − 4.706** (1992q2) | − 9.191*** (2005q1) | − 5.332** (1994q1) | − 10.671*** (1993q2) |
fdi | − 5.600*** (1988q2) | − 11.493*** (1994q2) | − 5.376*** (1993q2) | − 10.800*** (1988q4) | − 6.362*** (1995q1) | − 11.676*** (1994q2) |
Unemployment–real oil price model (WTI) | ||||||
lunempl | − 3.675 (1988q1) | − 8.040*** (1995q2) | − 3.517 (1992q4) | − 7.039*** (1988q3) | − 6.291*** (1998q2) | − 8.493*** (1995q2) |
lrwt | − 4.177 (2003q3) | − 10.607*** (2008q3) | − 3.170 (1988q1) | − 10.391*** (2004q4) | − 3.929 (2004q1) | − 10.589*** (2014q3) |
lrgdp | − 4.133 (1992q2) | − 8.690*** (2001q2) | − 2.669 (1995q1) | − 8.349 (2009q3) | − 3.640 (1992q2) | − 9.685*** (2001q2) |
lcpi | ||||||
lrate | − 4.636* (1988q2) | − 9.995*** (1993q2) | − 4.837** (1990q2) | − 8.887 (1995q4) | − 5.870*** (1994q1) | − 10.287*** (1993q2) |
fdi | − 5.308** (1988q2) | − 11.281*** (1994q2) | − 4.974*** (1993q1) | − 10.542*** (1996q2) | − 6.058*** (1995q1) | − 11.519*** (1994q2) |