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Table 9 Direct and indirect effects of the SDM model in 2000

From: Growth spillover: a spatial dynamic panel data and spatial cross section data approaches in selected Asian countries

 

With human capital

Without human capital

Indirect effect

Direct effect

Total effect

β

Indirect effect

Direct effect

Total effect

β

GDP(t−1)

0.0099

− 0.0144

− 0.0046

− 0.0035

− 0.0157

0.0227

0.0070

0.0054

Capital

0.0422

− 0.0619

− 0.0196

− 0.0151

0.0420

− 0.0609

− 0.0188

− 0.0145

Human capital

− 0.1468

0.2150

0.0682

0.0526

0.0266

− 0.0386

− 0.0119

− 0.0092

(N + 0.05)

0.0299

− 0.0438

− 0.0139

− 0.0107

GDP(t−1) *W

0.0148

− 0.0217

− 0.0069

− 0.0053

0.0011

− 0.0016

− 0.0005

− 0.0004

Capital* W

− 0.0095

0.0139

0.0044

0.0034

− 0.0062

0.0090

0.0028

0.0021

Human capital* W

− 0.0085

0.0124

0.0039

0.0030

(N + 0.05)* W

0.0138

− 0.0203

− 0.0064

− 0.0050

0.0261

− 0.0378

− 0.0117

− 0.0090