From: ICT diffusion and the finance–growth nexus: a panel analysis on ECOWAS countries
Variables | Breitung test | IPS test | Hadri test | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level | First Diff | Level | First Diff | Level | First Diff | |
GR | − 3.8384*** | − 4.7332*** | − 3.0755*** | − 5.7087*** | 1.8027** | − 2.2789*** |
FIN | 2.3133 | − 5.3164** | 1.3541 | − 3.9961*** | 12.9999*** | 0.6378 |
ICTI | 3.7598 | − 1.6821*** | − 2.9594*** | − 6.0751*** | 18.3911*** | − 0.1748 |
TOP | − 1.1951 | − 4.3387*** | 0.3671 | − 3.4774*** | 12.5738*** | 0.0709 |