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Table 3 Responsibility statement statistics test.

From: Audit expectation gap: an empirical analysis

Statistics test

Detecting errors and fraud

Preventing errors and fraud

Good internal control system

Maintain proper books

Preparing financial statements

Objectivity of the auditor

The use of judgement in the selection of audit procedure

Reporting of future prospect

Mann–Witney U

3659.00

4529.50

4219.00

5812.50

5161.50

7219.50

7444.00

6408.00

Wilcoxon W

24,365.00

25,235.50

24,925.00

26,518.50

25,867.50

11,405.50

11,630.00

27,114.50

Z

− 8.452

− 7.120

− 7.565

− 5.228

− 6.220

− 3.148

− 2.813

− 4.289

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.002

0.005

0.000